Differences and Selection of 304, 304L, 316, and 316L Stainless Steel

Stainless steel materials play a vital role in industrial manufacturing, with 304, 304L, 316, and 316L being among the significant models. These materials have notable differences in composition, performance, and application, making them suitable for various use cases.

Differences between 304 and 304L

The primary distinction between 304 and 304L lies in their carbon content. 304L is classified as low carbon stainless steel, with a carbon content below 0.03%. Compared to standard 304, 304L offers enhanced corrosion resistance, especially within the temperature range of 450 to 860°C, where it effectively prevents sensitization caused by chromium carbide precipitation, reducing intergranular corrosion during welding. Moreover, 304L has better weldability compared to 304, as it comes at a slightly higher cost. 

Differences between 316 and 316L

The key difference between 316 and 316L is also related to carbon content and corrosion resistance. 316L, with its lower carbon content, offers better corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, particularly in marine environments. Additionally, 316L has great weldability, making it suitable for multilayer welding, and typically does not require post-weld heat treatment.

How to Choose Between 304 and 316 Stainless Steel

In general corrosion-resistant applications, 304 stainless steel offers a better cost-performance ratio and lower price, making it the preferred choice. However, when the usage environment demands stronger resistance to chloride ion corrosion and higher heat resistance, 316 stainless steel is the ideal option. This is due to the presence of 2-3% molybdenum in 316, which significantly improves resistance to chloride-induced corrosion while also enhancing high-temperature strength and creep performance.

Conclusion

If you require a material with great corrosion and oxidation resistance, Toko Tech’s 316L stainless steel is the better choice, though it comes with a higher price. On the other hand, for less demanding applications, Toko Tech’s 304 stainless steel is a cost-effective and practical alternative.